Synthesis, Surface Activity, and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Hydrogenated Cardanol‐Derived Positively Charged Asymmetric Gemini Surfactants

Abstract

AbstractNine different hydrogenated cardanol‐based quaternary ammonium compounds including one conventional single‐tale single‐head surfactant, one bicephalic single‐tale double‐head surfactant, and seven asymmetric Gemini surfactants were synthetized using a simple process with high yields. Their structures were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties were evaluated by the wilhelmy plate method at 25 °C and physical parameters like CMC, γCMC, πCMC, C20, τCMC, and Amin were calculated. The Krafft temperature values of C‐BP‐1, C‐BP‐4, and C‐BP‐6 are lower than 0 °C, suggesting high‐potential industrial application. All synthesized compounds but C‐BP‐F exhibit great antimicrobial ability against Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus [ATCC 25923] and C. glutamicum [ATCC 13032]) while inadequate antimicrobial ability against Gram negative strains (E. coli [ATCC 25922] and P. aeruginosa [ATCC 27853]).