Abstract
Ensuring access to pristine water is essential for secure domestic and agricultural purposes. Harmful pathogens, especially bacteria, lurking in natural water sources pose a direct threat to human health. Recent breakthrough indicates that nanoparticles (NPs) serve as effective agents for water treatment, harnessing their significant antibacterial properties to purify and safeguard water resources. The current research focused on the synthesis and characterizations of binary (NiO)0.6 (Ag2O)0.4 NPs of varying sizes. Their antimicrobial efficacy was also investigated against total coliform and Escherichia coli in natural surface water samples under both indoor daylight and direct solar radiation conditions. These NPs were synthesized by a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly thermal treatment method utilizing variable amounts of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent. The characterizations verified that decreasing the PVP concentrations from 0.02 to 0.01 g/mL led to an increase in the size of the generated NPs from 20.8 to 25.0 nm. The band gap energy increased with greater PVP concentrations. In indoor daylight, all synthesized NPs revealed a comparable significant antibacterial activity against total coliform and Escherichia coli. Solar radiation enhanced the antibacterial properties, confirming the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized NPs. Under solar radiation, antibacterial efficacy was very high for all particle sizes. Complete inactivation of total coliform and Escherichia coli was achieved after 2 hours of contact time with NPs. This research demonstrates the potential of synthesized NPs for addressing critical water treatment challenges and highlights the importance of ongoing research in this field to safeguard public health and foster sustainable development.
Published Version
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