Abstract
Nanocrystalline undoped and doped (10 at. % Co and Mn) zinc oxide diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) were synthesized at relatively low temperatures (∼ 300 ∘C) via a facile polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel route. The highly crystalline samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and magnetization measurements. The XRD data were analyzed using the Rietveld refinement technique and were found to crystallize in the hexagonal wurtzite structure without impurities. The crystallite sizes of samples annealed at 600 ∘C were found to be in the range of 30–50 nm, which concurred with the TEM results. Magnetization measurements showed that Co-doped and Mn-doped ZnO exhibits weak ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. The results showed that PVA gel synthesis is an efficient way to prepare DMS materials with reduced time and energy consumption, and may open up new possibilities for the synthesis of high-quality DMS materials.
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