Synthesis, solution properties and scale‐inhibiting behaviour of a diallylammonium/sulfur dioxide cyclocopolymer bearing phospho‐ and sulfopropyl pendents

Abstract

Zwitterion (Z) monomer 3‐[diallyl{3‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)propyl}ammonio]propane‐1‐sulfonate underwent cyclocopolymerization with sulfur dioxide to give a new alternating copolymer poly(Z‐alt‐SO2) in excellent yield (ca 90%). The polyzwitterion (±) (PZ) (i.e. poly(Z‐alt‐SO2), bearing a diethylphosphonate as well as a sulfonate functionality in each repeat unit, upon ester hydrolysis gave its corresponding pH‐responsive polyzwitterionic acid (±) (PZA). The pH‐induced equilibrations (+) cationic polyelectrolyte ⇌ (±) PZA ⇌ polyzwitterion/anion (± −) (PZAN) ⇌ polyzwitterion/dianion (± =) (PZDAN) permitted us to examine the effects of charge types and their densities on the interesting solubility and viscosity behaviours. The apparent protonation constants of the basic functionalities &tbond;N±PO32− in (± =) PZDAN and &tbond;N±PO3H1− in (± −) PZAN in salt‐free water and 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl were determined using potentiometric titrations. (±) PZA at a meagre concentration of 20 ppm was found to be an effective antiscalant to inhibit the precipitation of CaSO4 from its supersaturated solution: after 500 and 800 min, the respective scale inhibitions of 86 and 98% indicated its potential use as an effective antiscalant in reverse osmosis plant. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry