Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a surface receptor found on many types of cancer cells. The overexpression of NRP-1 and its interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165) are associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, compounds that block the VEGF165/NRP-1 interaction represent a promising strategy to image and treat NRP-1-related pathologies. The aim of the presented work was to design and synthesize radioconjugates of two known peptide-type inhibitors of the VEGF165/NRP-1 complex: A7R peptide and its shorter analog, the branched peptidomimetic Lys(hArg)-Dab-Pro-Arg. Both peptide-type inhibitors were coupled to a radionuclide chelator (DOTA) via a linker (Ahx) and so radiolabeled with Ga-68 and Lu-177 radionuclides, for diagnostic and therapeutic uses, respectively. The synthesized radioconjugates were tested for their possible use as theranostic-like radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of cancers that overexpress NRP-1. The obtained results indicate good efficiency of the radiolabeling reaction and satisfactory stability, at least 3t1/2 for the 68Ga- and 1t1/2 for the 177Lu-radiocompounds, in solutions mimicking human body fluids. However, enzymatic degradation of both the studied inhibitors caused insufficient stability of the radiocompounds in human serum, indicating that further modifications are needed to sufficiently stabilize the peptidomimetics with inhibitory properties against VEGF165/NRP-1 complex formation.
Highlights
IntroductionNRP-1 plays one of the most important roles in the development of angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralNRP-1 plays one of the most important roles in the development of angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones
Synthesis (SPPS) on the preloaded Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-Wang resin following the Fmoc chemistry according to the standard coupling DIC/HOBt protocol
Summary
NRP-1 plays one of the most important roles in the development of angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. One of the main stages of angiogenesis is the interaction between the pro-angiogenic factor (VEGF-A165 ), its receptor (VEGFR-2), and the NRP-1 co-receptor [1–7]. NRP-1 acts in two ways: it binds to the pro-angiogenic ligand VEGF-A165 through its b1/b2 subdomains, and in parallel, it acts as a co-receptor for VEGFR-2. Many reports indicate that NRP-1, which is found on many types of cancer cells, lacks catalytic activity and may serve as a separate receptor for VEGF-A165 , stimulating tumor growth and metastasis. Due to the significant role of NRP-1 in angiogenesis and the relatively well-known mechanisms of the formation and with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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