Abstract
The use of nanoparticles for the therapeutic purpose is gaining pronounced importance. In the last two decades, a number of nanomedicines received regulatory approval and several showed promises through clinical trials. In this content, it is important to synthesize nanoparticles from various sources and to check its efficiency, especially its antibacterial activity. In today’s scenario number nanomedicines are proving useful to control multidrug resistance and since the mechanism of action of nanoparticles is totally different from the small molecules like antibiotics it obviates the chances of drug resistance. In this review, we discussed three metal-based nanoparticles prepared from various reducing sources namely Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle (TiO2 NPs) and Magnesium Dioxide Nanoparticle (MnO2 NPs). The focus also made towards the safety assessment of the several nanoparticles. In addition, the exact interaction of the nanoparticles with the bacterial cell surface and the resultant changes also been highlighted. The review put forward the sources, method, and antibacterial success of these nanoparticles so that future nanomedicines could be put forward.
Highlights
The use of nanoparticles for the therapeutic purpose is gaining pronounced importance
The field of research is nanotechnology developing several nanoparticles which are proving promising in antibacterial activity
The synthesis of ZnO, TiO2 and MnO2 NPs successfully reported with plant extract and another nano-biological reducing agent
Summary
Green Synthesis and Characterization: An aqueous extract of orange peel was used as the biological reduction agent for the synthesis of ZnO NPs from zinc acetate dehydrate [1,2]. Et al [22] synthesized ZnO NPs using co-precipitation method having size range of 15-25 nm able to control P. aeruginosa and A. nigergrowth with ability to showcase anti-inflammatory activity induced by bacterial and fungal strains. Green and chemical methods of synthesis: Successfully synthesized MnO2 NPs by involving marine bacterium Sacchrophagusdegradans and Yeast Sacchromyces cerevisiae which was recorded to be having absorption maxima at 365 nm in UV-Visible spectrophotometry [53]. Worker [56] prepared the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) stabilized MnO(2) nanoparticles which can showcase peroxidase-, oxidase-, and catalase- like activities These NPs showcased good dispersion, biocompatibility and solubility and represented typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with high affinity for H(2)O(2); 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and O- phenylenediamine. CMC- stabilized MnO2 NPs represents the success for facilitating in situ oxidative degradation of number emerging contaminants entering into soil and water
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