Synthesis of urchin-like Sn–ZnO–C composite and its enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Urchin-like Sn–ZnO–C composite have been successfully prepared by thermal annealing of ZnSn(OH)6 precursor in acetylene/argon gas (1/9; v/v). The phase of the urchin-like Sn–ZnO–C has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrum. The images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) demonstrate that the Sn–ZnO–C composite with an average of 3 μm in diameter is composed of many core–shell nanowires and carbon nanotubes emanated from the center. The thermal annealing temperature and time have crucial effects on the formation of urchin-like structure and carbon content of the Sn–ZnO–C composites. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries, the urchin-like Sn–ZnO–C composite delivers a discharge capacity of 1,034.5 mAh/g in initial cycle and 571.9 mAh/g reversible discharge capacity after 25 cycles at a current density of 50 mA/g. The superior energy storage properties highlight the urchin-like Sn–ZnO–C composite as a potential alternative anode material in lithium-ion batteries.