Synthesis of two optically active calcium channel antagonists labelled with carbon-11 for in vivo cardiac PET imaging

Abstract

(±)-S11568 ( 1. 3-ethyl-5-methyl-(±)-2-[(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)methyl]-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5- dicarboxylate), has an in vitro profile of high potency and of high electivity for the low-voltage dependent L-type calcium channel. In in vitro binding studies, it displaced specifically bound (-)-[ 3H]PN 200–110 (isradipine ( 2), the reference molecule for in vitro studies) from cardiac and vascular smooth muscle preparations with potencies of 5.6 and 51 nM, respectively. It also appears as a pure pharmacological antagonist acting at a single channel L-type and free of any interaction at the benzothiazepine binding site such as amlodipine ( 3). Both enantiomers of S11568 have in vitro activities, the dextro isomer S12967 ((+)- 1) being 6 to 18-fold less potent than the levo one S12968 ((-)- 1). Two couples of optically active labelling precursors of S11568, ((-)- 10/(+)- 10 and (-)- 14/(+)- 14) have been synthesized using a modified Hantzsch's dihydropyridine synthesis. In both cases, the enantiomers were separated by preparative chiral HPLC. They both have been independently labelled with carbon-11, using [ 11C]diazomethane or [ 11C]iodomethane to give multimilliCurie quantities of (-)- 1 (S12968) and (+)- 1 (S12967) with high specific activities (500–1000 mCi/μmol, 18.5–37.0 GBq/μmol). Both enantiomers appear suitable for PET experiments: their myocardial concentration increases after a bolus injection to reach a maximum in 2 min and then remains on a plateau with a slight downslope while the blood concentration falls rapidly. Myocardial uptake was threefold higher than lung uptake, leading to a good contrast on PET images. The present preliminary biological results obtained in Beagle dogs showed that both enantiomers have similar myocardial kinetics and in vivo affinity for the left ventricular myocardium.