Synthesis of Titanate Nanotube for Antibacterial and Tissue Regeneration Applications

Abstract

An increasingly crucial therapeutic issue revolves around treating bacterial infections in chronic skin wounds that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Despite the current advancements in diagnosis, a significant number of patients still experience therapeutic failure of anti-microbials or antibiotic treatments. In this study, sodium titanate nanotubes (Na-TiNTs) were synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal approach to facilitate the immobilization of Gentamicin (Gn) and Phenytoin (PhT). The samples were extensively characterized using different techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, TEM, TGA, and BET. The result reveals that synthesized Na-TiNTs are highly porous rods in shape, with an internal diameter of 5 nm and an outer diameter ranging from 10 to 15 nm. After 16 h of encapsulation, Gn had an encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 80 ± 2.3 %, while PhT had 89.0 ± 3.1 %. Also, Gn and PhT were released linearly, reaching 95.3 ± 1.6 % and 97.3 ± 1.6 % after 96 h. The highest doses of Gn/Na-TiNTs and PhT/Na-TiNTs, about 500 mg/mL, reduced the cell viability value from 98.2 ± 2.2 % for the untreated cell to 85.1 ± 1.6 % and 88.3 ± 3.4 %, respectively. In addition, PhT/Na-TiNTs ZOI was 28.1 ± 2.3 and 30.1 ± 1.7 mm, andthe ZOI of Gn/Na-TiNTs was 39.0 ± 1.6 mm 45.0 ± 2.4 mm for S. aureus and E. coli, indicating that PhT had antibacterial potency comparable to the standard antibiotic but less than Gn/Na-TiNTs. In vitro wound closure of approximately 87 % for Gn/Na-TiNTs and exhibited a 95 % for PhT/Na-TiNTs after 72 h. The initial findings indicate that Gn/Na-TiNTs and PhT/Na-TiNTs exhibit a sustained drug release profile, which holds potential as a viable strategy for enhancing the antibacterial efficacy and promotewound healing.