Synthesis of TiO2-doped mesoporous nanobioactive glass particles and their cytocompatibility against osteoblast cell line

Abstract

To obtain medically important mesoporous biomaterial, we prepared titanium-doped nanobioactive glass (NBG) particles 55SiO2–(36 − x) CaO–9P2O5–xTiO2 (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3 mol%) were prepared by simple sol–gel method. The physicochemical properties of the prepared nanocomposites were analyzed using different characterization techniques. The developed mesoporous nanocomposites showed amorphous nature with globular morphology, with a particle size of approximately 50 nm. The specific surface area of glass nanocomposites doped with TiO2 at different concentrations, namely SCPT0 (0 %), SCPT1 (1 %), SCPT2 (2 %), and SCPT3 (3 %) samples, was 129, 186, 105, and 129 m2 g−1, respectively. In addition, the average pore diameter of the glass series was 33, 18, 27, and 25 nm. The in vitro bioactivity of hydroxyapatite layer formation was confirmed using simulated body fluid. Further, antibacterial property of mesoporous nanocomposites was investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The diameter of the inhibition zone of TiO2-doped nanocomposites against E. coli was found to be 16, 18, and 20 mm. No significant inhibition was found for Ti-free samples against E. coli and S. aureus. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that the prepared NBG particles doped with 1 % TiO2 were nontoxic and showed better cell viability in osteoblast cell line (MG-63) at a concentration of 125 µg ml−1. Therefore, the addition of biomimic metal oxide dopant such as TiO2 in NBGs is an effective approach to develop a highly biocompatible material for bone implant applications.