Synthesis of tillage machines and experimental research on agro technological indicators for tillage quality

Abstract

An important issue in the design of tillage machines is the search for improved machine designs to achieve high levels of productivity and quality of tillage operations, as well as the expansion of technological capabilities. One way of solving the problem of creating new machine designs for soil tillage is to implement progressive methods of searching for new technical solutions in the early stages of design preparation of production. This can be achieved by using morphological analysis, which in the fourth step involves the synthesis of object variants, which, based on the morphological matrix compiled, produces the full number of solutions. The article presents a synthesis of tillage mechanisms and machines using morphological analysis, which has led to improvements in the design of tillage machines. Hierarchical group synthesis using morphological analysis generated workable designs for alternative tillage machine variants. A method of structuring machine design for tillage and a method of their improvement based on the study of the properties of their structure elements, according to the theory of synthesis of hierarchical groups using morphological analysis, are proposed. To determine the agro-technological efficiency of the harrow with helical working tools, we conducted field tests of a rotary tool BDN-1,3 and an experimental sample of a harrow. The article presents the results of comparative tests of the disc harrow BDN-1,3 and the harrow with screw working tools. According to the results of studies, it was found that the density of the cultivated soil with the proposed helical working tools meets agricultural requirements and is 1.21 g·сm-3, which is 4.0% less than the variant with a disc harrow, and 36.3% less, compared to the agricultural background. According to the results of studies, it was found that the density of the cultivated soil with the proposed helical working tools, meets agricultural requirements and is 49.8 kN·m-2, which is 15.2% less compared to the disc harrow tillage, and 43.0% less compared with the background and the standard value. The volumetric crush coefficient of the proposed harrow variant is 51.4% lower than the background and the standard value, which varies between 1...2 N·сm-3 (for a plowed field).