Abstract
Surrogate fuels are composed of a few pure components, mixed together in order to imitate a real fuel’s characteristics regarding its combustion and emission. In this study, four surrogate feeds were synthesized, corresponding to petroleum middle distillates. The desulfurization of the surrogate blends was performed using the hydrogen peroxide–acetic acid oxidative system. Consequently, extractive desulfurization was carried out using imidazolium-based ionic liquids, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [BMIM][Br] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [BMIM][HSO4], in a multiple extraction cycle procedure. Both ionic liquids were synthesized and characterized with spectroscopic techniques. The influence of the extraction temperature process was studied. In each extraction cycle, the sulfur concentration and the physical properties of the surrogate extraction products were estimated. The used ionic liquids were regenerated with a reasonably effective method. The synthesized and recycled ionic liquids showed high desulfurization efficiency, while [BMIM][Br] prevailed. Additionally, extractive desulfurization in oxidized surrogate LCO using ionic liquids is comparable with that using acetonitrile, since it has an advantage in terms of mass yield.
Highlights
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the main conventional method for the removal of detrimental sulfur-containing compounds from middle petroleum distillates
Taking into consideration the above-mentioned aspects, the present study focuses on the synthesis of model sulfur compound surrogate blends that imitate real petroleum fractions
Typical of those contained in middle petroleum fractions, were used for the synthesis of the surrogate feeds corresponding to petroleum distillates
Summary
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the main conventional method for the removal of detrimental sulfur-containing compounds from middle petroleum distillates. Due to the steric hindrance of the refractory thiophenic compounds, more intensive conditions are needed for the implementation of HDS, including more active catalysts, a high temperature and high hydrogen pressure, leading to the elevated investment and operating costs [1] of the whole project. In order to remove the organic sulfur compounds efficiently, new methods [2,3]. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is an alternative and especially attractive method. Its main advantages are the following: it can be performed in the liquid phase, under mild conditions of temperature and pressure, and no hydrogen is required. The refractory organic sulfur compounds show high reactivity during the ODS process. The hydrogen peroxide–carboxylic acids system [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20] has major advantages, such as low environmental impact, safety and high-quality products
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