Synthesis of Sorption Materials from Low Grade Titanium Raw Materials.

Lidia G Gerasimova,Ekaterina S Shchukina,Marina V Maslova

doi:10.3390/ma15051922

Abstract

In this paper, a universal technology is proposed for processing low-titanium mineral raw material—apatite-nepheline ore waste, including its treatment with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid in a two-stage mode with a sequential increase in the concentration. This technique allowed us to remove nepheline and apatite in the first stage and achieve a titanium mineral content of TiO2 of more than 30%; in the second stage, we were able to convert the titanium into its precursors—titanyl sulfate monohydrate TiOSO4·H2O and a hybrid rutile-silica composition. The key stage in the sorbent synthesis is the reaction of the precursor with a phosphoric acid solution. The preferred sequence of operations begins with the mechanical activation of the precursor, causing morphological changes in it, and subsequent treatment with phosphoric acid at different concentrations under atmospheric conditions and in an autoclave, accompanied by phase transformations. Conditions for the chemical reactions which regulated the composition and structure of the final product and, accordingly, its sorption activity were found. With the help of XFA, the phase compositions of the sorbents were identified, including the individual crystalline phase α-TiP obtained from TS or the crystalline phase αTi(HPO4)2∙H2O, which is in an amorphous silica matrix obtained from a rutile–silica composition.

Highlights

Russia ranks second in the world in terms of its proven reserves of titanium raw materials [1–4]
The interaction of apatite with sulfuric acid is accompanied by the formation of crystalline calcium sulfate (Reaction 1), which covers the SO grains and prevents the dissolution of apatite and nepheline minerals
An increase in the acid concentration and process temperature leads to the opening of fine particles of titanite, which is evidenced by the presence of titanium (IV) in the acidic liquid phase at up to 3–4 g·L−1 in TiO2

Summary

Introduction

Russia ranks second in the world in terms of its proven reserves of titanium raw materials [1–4]. Two-thirds of its raw material reserves are unconventional geological-industrial and mineral deposits and ores (titanomagnetite, sphene, leucoxene, perovskite). The Kola Peninsula, which is part of the Arctic Zone, has huge reserves of minerals, including titanium and titanium–rare metal ore deposits. Among these are the operational Khibiny deposit of apatite-nepheline ores, the Lovozersky loparite deposit, and the Afrikand deposit of perovskite ores. These deposits have real prospects for long-term industrial operations, since they are among the richest in terms of titanium and rare metals resources in Russia [5,6]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion