Abstract
Combination of bioactive material such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) with antibacterial agents would have great potential to be used as bone implant materials to avert possible bacterial infection that can lead to implant-associated diseases. The present study aimed to develop an antibacterial silver nanoparticle-decorated hydroxyapatite (HAp/AgNPs) nanocomposite using chemical reduction and thermal calcination approaches. In this work, natural HAp that was extracted from chicken bone wastes is used as support matrix for the deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to produce HAp/AgNPs nanocomposite. XRD, FESEM-EDX, HRTEM, and XPS analyses confirmed that spherical AgNPs were successfully synthesized and deposited on the surface of HAp particles, and the amount of AgNPs adhered on the HAp surface increased with increasing AgNO3 concentration used. The synthesized HAp/AgNPs nanocomposites demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, where the antibacterial efficiency is relied on the amount and size of deposited AgNPs. In addition, the in vitro bioactivity examination in Hank’s balanced salt solution showed that more apatite were grown on the surface of HAp/AgNPs nanocomposite when AgNO3 concentration used >1 wt.%. Such nanocomposite with enhanced bioactivity and antibacterial properties emerged as a promising biomaterial to be applied for dentistry and orthopedic implantology.
Highlights
Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), which belongs to the class of calcium orthophosphate, is a type of bioceramics that is chemically similar to the mineralized phase of natural bone and teeth
The antibacterial activities of all the HAp/AgNPs nanocomposite samples were tested based on agar well diffusion method using S. aureus (ATCC 12600) as test microorganism
HAp/AgNPs nanocomposite with combined antibacterial and bioactivity characteristics had been successfully fabricated via chemical reduction and thermal calcination methods
Summary
Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), which belongs to the class of calcium orthophosphate, is a type of bioceramics that is chemically similar to the mineralized phase of natural bone and teeth. HAp has been widely used as bone grafts or implant materials to reconstruct bone defects caused by periodontitis [5, 6], as the scaffolds materials for 106 Page 2 of 12. The use of HAp material for dentistry and bone implantology application can be impaired by implantassociated diseases such as peri-implant mucositis and periimplantitis after surgical operations. This is because protein and other organic substances are readily adsorbed on HAp surfaces that make them susceptible to bacterial adhesion and colonization [11,12,13]. Due to the potential risk of increased antibiotic resistance that will affect the efficacy of antibiotic, the development of alternative antibacterial agents that possess a much lower tendency to cause bacterial resistance is on dire need [14]
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