Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively studied as photo-catalyst for water treatment, air purification and antibacterial applications due to its challenging properties such as chemical stability, environmental friendly and strong photocatalytic activity. However, the limitation of TiO2 on its dependent to ultraviolet radiation for photocatalytic activity is still aroused. In this study, silver doped titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO2) was synthesized by wet-ball milling sol–gel method (WBMS). Ag-TiO2 molar ratio was varied from 0% to 10% to study the effect of silver content on the synthesized Ag-TiO2 characteristics and the ability to apply on antibacterial applications. The objective of this work was to find an optimal concentration of Ag in Ag-TiO2. Characterization of the particle size, morphology, and surface area of synthesized Ag-TiO2 were discussed by techniques of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Photocatalytic activity was investigated from degradation of methylene blue. Antibacterial activity was conducted by finding minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests performed on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) under dark condition and under visible light. The results demonstrated that the doping of Ag inhibited crystal growth of Ag-TiO2. The smallest particle size and the highest surface area were obtained from 5% Ag-TiO2. Also, it was found that methylene blue degradation rate increased to the highest number of 1.62x10−3 min−1 when Ag concentration reached 5%, and methylene blue degradation rate reduced when Ag concentration was higher than 5%. The antibacterial activity of Ag-TiO2 was better than TiO2. The optimal concentration of 3-5% Ag-TiO2 was observed from the MIC and MBC tests.
Highlights
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle is photocatalyst has been widely researched in waste treatment applications due to its strong oxidizing property, non-toxicity and long-term photo stability (Zaleska, 2008)
The morphology and particle size distribution of Ag-TiO2 were studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JEOL JEM-2100) operated at 200 kV
The degradation of methylene blue (MB), (Ajax Finechem), under UV radiation was used as a model system to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of Ag-TiO2
Summary
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle is photocatalyst has been widely researched in waste treatment applications due to its strong oxidizing property, non-toxicity and long-term photo stability (Zaleska, 2008). It has been in the research interest for the antibacterial applications. The limitation of using TiO2 upon its dependency on UV light is prominent. To overcome this limitation of TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as enhancing the effectiveness of its photocatalytic and antibacterial activity, silver doped TiO2 (Ag-TiO2) nanoparticle is proposed. Characterization of the particle size and morphology of synthesized AgTiO2 were determined
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