Abstract
Advancement and development in bone tissue engineering, particularly that of composite scaffolds, are of great importance for bone tissue engineering. We have synthesized polymeric matrix using biopolymer (β-glucan), acrylic acid, and nano-hydroxyapatite through free radical polymerization method. Bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds (BNSs) were fabricated using the freeze-drying method and Ag was coated by the dip-coating method. The scaffolds have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to investigate their functional groups, surface morphology, and phase analysis, respectively. The pore size and porosity of all BNS samples were found to be dependent on silver concentration. Mechanical testing of all BNS samples have substantial compressive strength in dry form that is closer to cancellous bone. The samples of BNS showed substantial antibacterial effect against DH5 alpha E. coli. The biological studies conducted using the MC3T3-E1 cell line via neutral red dye assay on the scaffolds have found to be biocompatible and non-cytotoxic. These bioactive scaffolds can bring numerous applications for bone tissue repairs and regenerations.
Highlights
Bone tissue engineering is an advanced approach to treat bone defects caused by disease, aging, and accident by using fabricated scaffolds
The acrylic acid was grafted into β-glucan through the free-radical polymerization process and, n-HAp has been trapped into the polymeric matrix of grafted BG during the reaction
The absorption band in the region from 560 to 600 and from 1000 to 1100, cm−1 were attributed to the presence of calcium phosphate moiety of HAp [37,38]
Summary
Bone tissue engineering is an advanced approach to treat bone defects caused by disease, aging, and accident by using fabricated scaffolds. It has brought numerous new biomaterials and methods developments for treating difficult segmental and contained skeletal defects. Porous scaffolds with appropriate mechanical strength and biological properties, such as non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable have played vital roles in cell adherence, proliferation, and growth of cells or tissues in bone repair [5,6,7]. Bone contains an extraordinary amount of hydroxyapatite (HAp), which has suitable bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive biological behavior. The poor mechanical strength can be overcome by the use of polymers, creating a composite scaffold of polymer–ceramic [17,18]
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