Synthesis of Quinolines, Isoquinolines, and Quinolones Using Various Nanocatalysts

Abstract

Nanocatalysts have various features to work as a catalyst for the synthesis of organic compounds, such as greater reactivity, better selectivity, and higher stability. Nanoparticles (NPs) have vast applications in various fields including optronics, sensors. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) show their use in every field of organics, whether it is heterocyclic, medicinal, or pharmaceutical, since they have unique features, such as minimum time, a green approach, higher atom economy, and affordability. MCRs avoid a multistep reaction and produce superior yields and generate no by-products. Green and proficient synthesis of quinolines was reported through the reaction of activated acetylenic compounds, alcohols, and isatin with potassium fluoride conductive polymers. The synthesis of pyrrolo isoquinoline derivatives was performed using the MCR of isoquinoline, alkyl bromides, 2-hydroxyacetophenone, and dimethyl carbonate as a green reagent and KF/clinoptinolite NPs as a catalyst in an aqueous media at 80°C.