Synthesis of Pyrazoline‐Embedded 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions with in vitro and in silico Studies

Abstract

AbstractA series of hybrid molecules containing pyrazolines and 1,2,3‐triazoles have been synthesized via Cu(I) mediated 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions bearing para substituted azides and dipolarophile (acetylenes) as a reactive precursors. Structure of all the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by 1HNMR, 13C NMR, LC–MS and IR spectral analysis and they are screened for α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory and antioxidant activities by DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) methods. Among the synthesized compounds, 3‐(4‐((1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazole‐1‐carbaldehyde (5 k) showed promising inhibition of the antidiabetic enzymes with IC50=0.81±0.20 μM for α‐glucosidase and IC50=1.00±0.05 μM for α‐amylase compared with the standard therapeutic drug acarbose which shows IC50=1.30±0.06 μM and IC50=0.75±0.08 μM for α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase. Compared to all the synthesized compounds, the bleeching ability of 3‐(4‐((1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazole‐1‐carbaldehyde (5 k) showed promising antioxidant activity in comparison with standard Butylated hydroxyl anisole. The molecular docking studies revealed the compound 3‐(4‐((1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazole‐1‐carbaldehyde having lower binding energy with the maximum efficacy.