Abstract
Organic carbonates are considered the chemicals of the future. In particular, propylene carbonate is widely used as a non-reactive solvent, plasticizer, fuel additive, and reagent, especially in the production of environmentally friendly polymers that are not harmful to human health. This paper reviews recent literature findings regarding the development of propylene carbonate synthetic methods starting from propane-1,2-diol and urea. The ammonia formed during the synthesis is recycled to obtain urea from carbon dioxide.
Highlights
In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to environmental protection practices
Synthetic compounds with perovskite structures represent a special type of oxides that have been tested for their activity as catalysts for the synthesis of propylene carbonate by urea alcoholysis (Table 7) [93,94]
The results showed that the zinc and magnesium salts had similar catalytic properties (PC selectivities ranged from 88.1% to 89.5%) and were more selective than Bu2 Sn(C11 H23 COO)2, which only achieves up to 64.6% selectivity for propylene carbonate (PC) synthesis
Summary
In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to environmental protection practices. Urea, which can be obtained on an industrial scale from carbon dioxide and ammonia [24], is a more reactive compound, and is safe and environmentally friendly. Researchers have devoted significant efforts to the preparation of PC via urea alcoholysis owing to the inexpensive, stable, and readily-available nature of the required raw materials (e.g., urea and PG) and the favorable thermodynamics of the reaction. Synthesis(e.g., of selected carbonates (e.g.,thermodynamics dimethyl, diethyl, glycerin, ethylene, and ammonia, which is a co-product propylene) by urea alcoholysis.in the synthesis of propylene carbonate, can be returned to the urea plant by reacting. Shukla and Srivastava [60] carried out an extensive literature review highlighting the synthesis of selected organic carbonates (e.g., dimethyl, diethyl, glycerin, ethylene, and propylene) by urea alcoholysis. We analyze the last three decades of progress regarding catalytic systems and the prospects for applying urea alcoholysis for the largescale synthesis of propylene carbonate
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