Abstract
Nanoparticles of semiconducting polypyrrole (PPy) were synthesized by batch heterophase (BHP) and semicontinuous heterophase polymerization (SHP) using ferric chloride (FeCl3), potassium persulfate (KPS), or ammonium persulfate (APS) as the oxidizing agent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant, and ethanol (EtOH) or iso-pentyl alcohol (iC5OH) as co-surfactants. In all cases, the molar ratios of monomer/oxidizing agent were 1/1. Pyrrol polymerization by BHP and SHP allowed using much lower percentages of surfactant than those employed in microemulsion polymerization of this monomer. The effects of temperature, oxidizing agent, and co-surfactant on conductivity were studied. The polymers were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV/Visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. Higher PPy conductivities were obtained by polymerizing at 0 °C with FeCl3 as the oxidizing agent, in the presence of iC5OH as co-surfactant. When the reaction was carried out by SHP with low reaction times, smaller particles with similar conductivities were obtained compared to those obtained by BHP; the conductivity of PPy decreases with increasing polymerization time, which can be explained by PPy overoxidation.
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