Synthesis of Phosphinodiselenoic Acid Ester Derivatives and their Application in the Controlled Radical Polymerization of Styrene

Abstract

They all use the principle of dynamic equilibration between active species and dormant chains. This equilibrium affects the molecular weights and polydispersities of polymers as well as the polymerization rates. In the reaction of NMP, the stable nitroxide radical TEMPO has been most frequently used as a trap for reactive alkyl radicals. The reaction of ATRP is catalyzed by several transition metals, but Cu(I) complexes have received the most attention. However, both NMP and ATRP can only be applied to a limited number of monomers, and require high reaction temperat ure and expen-sive reagents. The RAFT reaction has been controlled by a radical polymerization technique that was most recently developed and used mainly for dithioesters