Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a clean and green oxidant, is widely used in many fields. The direct synthesis of H2O2 (DSHP) from H2 and O2 has attracted most research interest because it relates to a facile, environmentally friendly, and economic process. Yolk–shell Pd-M@HCS (hollow carbon sphere) (M = Co, Ni, Cu) nanocatalysts, in which the bimetal nanoparticle is the core and porous carbon works as the shell layer, are reported in this work. It was found that catalytic activities were enhanced because of the introduced M metals. Additionally, the different mass ratios of Pd to Co (mPd/mCo) were further investigated to improve the catalytic performance for the DSHP. When mPd/mCo was 4.4, the prepared Pd-Co@HCS-(4.4) catalyst, with an average Pd nanoparticle size of 7.30 nm, provided the highest H2O2 selectivity of 87% and H2O2 productivity of 1996 mmolgPd−1·h−1, which were increased by 24% and 253%, respectively, compared to Pd@HCS.
Highlights
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which has been diversely used for producing a wide range of products [1,2,3,4,5,6], is considered a green and clean raw material due to its highly atomic utilization and environmentally friendly properties
The direct synthesis of H2 O2 (DSHP) from hydrogen and oxygen is believed a promising method since H2 O is the only by-product during the producing process [7,8,9]
When the mPd/mCo increased to 6.6, the crystal size increased to 8.94 nm, which can be explained by fact that the agglomeration of the Pd nanoparticles occurred due to a small amount of Co being insignificantly
Summary
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which has been diversely used for producing a wide range of products [1,2,3,4,5,6], is considered a green and clean raw material due to its highly atomic utilization and environmentally friendly properties. The side reaction in the DSHP process, like the formation of H2 O, is more thermodynamic and results in a low selectivity of synthesis of H2 O2 and a poor stability in general To improve this process, palladium (Pd)-based catalysts as highly efficient active components have been extensively studied [10]. The active sites might be covered by the microchannels and reduce the utilization of the catalyst Inspired by these studies, this work developed bimetallic Pd-M (M = Co, Ni and Cu) catalysts with yolk–shell structures where the active component Pd-M was used as the core and a hollow carbon sphere was used as the shell (Pd-M@HCS). This work further investigated the effect of different mass ratios of Pd to Co, mPd /mCo , on the DSHP performance
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