Synthesis of Pb3O4-SiO2-ZnO-WO3 Glasses and their Fundamental Properties for Gamma Shielding Applications

Sultan Alomairy,M S Al-Buriahi,Kh S Shaaban,E A Abdel Wahab,C Mutuwong,Imen Kebaili,Z A Alrowaili

doi:10.1007/s12633-021-01347-2

Abstract

Zinc lead silicate glass system contains different amount of WO3 were fabricated using the classical melt-quench technique. The nature of the samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction. The ultrasonic velocities and elastic moduli were tested experimentally after that the results were compared by using the theoretical consideration. With increasing the WO3 content, decreasing the molar volume causes a decrease in the inter-ionic distance Ri. The FLUKA code were used to estimate the main attenuation considerations mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficients (LAC). The LAC increment from 0.728 cm-1 to 0.856 cm−1 as the WO3 concentration increment from 0 to 5 mol%, resulting in high shielding performance for G5. The dose rate at energy of 0.6 MeV with the G5 sample found to be declines from 2.35 × 107 R/h at 1 mm to 4.71 × 106 R/h at 4 mm. The values of mean free path (MFP) and the half value layer (HVL) are smaller than those of the traditional photon shields signifying that the fabricated samples (particularly G5) have interesting shielding characteristics to be used in applications involving x/gamma rays.

Highlights

1-Introduction In the various application of glass materials, silicate glass plays an important role due to their unique features like high solubility, high non-linear optical factors, good mechanical moduli, small thermal expansion, and excellent glass-forming domain [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. These glasses can be considered as transition metal ion (TMi) to manufacture super-efficient optical and luminescence components
Because of the reduction in molar volume, these have been observed that these characteristics decrease with tungsten
2- The amorphous nature of glasses was established by XRD measurements. 3- The parameters such as density, molar volume, and velocities were measured and used to determine the mechanical properties of the prepared glass system. 4- Elastic moduli exhibits an increasing trend as WO3 increases from 0 to 5 mol % and there is a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical elastic moduli. 5- The maximum of Zeff & Neff (×1023 electron/gram) occurred at energy of 10 MeV with the values of 44.326 & 4.146, 44.378 & 4.147, 44.455 & 4.148, 44.533 & 4.152, and 44.584 & 4.154 for the glass samples of G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5, respectively

Summary

Preparation the glass samples

SiO2, Pb3O4, ZnO and WO3 are the initial materials for obtaining these glasses. Using the pulse-echo technique, the ultrasonic velocities, longitudinal (vL) and shear (vT), at ambient temperature were evaluated. In this method, x-cut and y-cut transducers were used together with KARL DEUTSCH Echograph model 1085 (a digital ultrasonic flaw detector) functioning at 4 MHz with error ±10 m s-1. The elastic moduli of the samples can be evaluated using the exemplary [36, 37] based on packing density VVii = 34ππ NNAA (mmRA3+ nn RO3) mm. LL = KK + 43 GG, transverse waves GG = 30 ∗ (VViVi2VGiiGii) Young’s modulus YY = 8.36VVii GGii , bulk modulus.

Monte Carlo technique

Results and Discussions

Conclusions