Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles with leaf extract of Chrysophyllum cainito (Star apple) and their applications as efficient catalyst for C\u2013C coupling and reduction reactions

Supawan Tantayanon,Braja Gopal Bag,Rakhi Majumdar

doi:10.1007/s40089-017-0220-4

Supawan Tantayanon, Braja Gopal Bag + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-017-0220-4

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Abstract

A simple green chemical method for the one-step synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) has been described by reducing palladium (II) chloride with the leaf extract of Chrysophyllum cainito in aqueous medium. The synthesis of the palladium nanoparticles completed within 2–3 h at room temperature, whereas on heat treatment (70–80 °C), the synthesis of colloidal PdNPs completed almost instantly. The stabilized PdNPs have been characterized in detail by spectroscopic, electron microscopic and light scattering measurements. The synthesized PdNPs have been utilized as a green catalyst for C–C coupling reactions under aerobic and phosphine-free conditions in aqueous medium. In addition, the synthesized PdNPs have also been utilized as a catalyst for a very efficient sodium borohydride reduction of 3- and 4-nitrophenols. The synthesized PdNPs can retain their catalytic activity for several months.

Highlights

Nanotechnology, which includes multi-dimensional aspects of nanoparticles, has created a tremendous impact in diversified fields such as pharmacology, biodiagnostics, medicine, drug-delivery, catalysis, etc. in the recent past [1–9]
The synthesized palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have been utilized as a green catalyst for C–C coupling reactions under aerobic and phosphine-free conditions in aqueous medium
The synthesized PdNPs were characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction studies

Summary

Introduction

Nanotechnology, which includes multi-dimensional aspects of nanoparticles, has created a tremendous impact in diversified fields such as pharmacology, biodiagnostics, medicine, drug-delivery, catalysis, etc. in the recent past [1–9]. The green synthesis and stabilization of surface active PdNPs by non-toxic renewable chemicals and its utilization for C–C coupling and reduction reactions in environment friendly conditions is not very common in literature [26–32]. In this manuscript we have utilized the leaf extract of medicinal plant Chrysophyllum cainito, rich in polyphenols [33, 34], as reducing as well as stabilizing agent for the synthesis and stabilization of surface active colloidal PdNPs. The synthesized PdNPs were characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction studies.

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