Synthesis of novel folate conjugated fluorescent nanoparticles for tumor imaging

Abstract

A novel folate fluorescent nanoconjugate was synthesized and used for detection of cancer cells overexpressing the folate receptor (FR). The folate conjugate (PCMS-NA-FA) was synthesized by conjugating folic acid (FA) and 4-ethylnyl-N-ethyl-1, 8-naphthalimide (NA) to the polychloromethylstyrene (PCMS) functionalized with azido group (PCMS-N₃) through click reaction. The obtained conjugate had clear structure and could form PCMS-NA-FA nanoparticles with particle size around 86 nm in aqueous solution. Ability of PCMS-NA-FA targeting to cancerous cells was investigated by comparing the uptake of the nanoparticles by human adenocarcinoma HeLa cells and by non-FR expressing human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Specificity of the PCMS-NA-FA nanoparticles targeting on FRs was verified with cellular uptake inhibition assay, in which HeLa cells were incubated with both nanoconjugate and free FA. In addition, the specificity was also confirmed by the collocation of the immunofluorescence staining of anti-FR and the cellular uptake of the PCMS-NA-FA nanoparticles. Furthermore, the organ distribution of this folate nanoconjugate was studied on HeLa cell-bearing mice via frozen slicing, and the results showed that the folate nanoparticles were preferentially accumulated in the tumor site rather than other tissues, indicating the desired specificity for tumor targeting and imaging. All these findings suggested that this practical synthetic strategy can potentially facilitate the preparation of multifunctional imaging probe in biology and diagnosis of disease.