Synthesis of novel (E)-2-((anthracen-9-ylmethylene)amino)pyridin-3-ol and its transition metal complexes: Multispectral characterization, biological evaluation and computational studies

Abstract

The synthesis and structural characterization of novel mixed ligand complexes derived from 9-anthraldehyde, 2-amino-3-hydroxy pyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and metal chlorides are reported. The synthesized mixed ligand complexes are characterized by multispectral techniques such as UV‐Visible, FT-IR, EPR, NMR, ESI-mass analysis and other physicochemical analysis like elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements. Moreover, the mixed ligand complexes have strived for their biological future. The biological studies involved are DNA interaction (binding and damage), antimicrobial, antiproliferative studies and free radical scavenging ability studies. The DNA interaction studies are accomplished by UV‐Visible absorption titration, viscosity measurement, which exposed that the synthesized compounds could interplay with CT-DNA through non-covalent interaction of phenanthroline co-ligand by the way of intercalative binding mode. Additionally, the antimicrobial assay specified that the mixed ligand complexes are excellent antimicrobial agents against various pathogens. The gel electrophoresis scrutiny clearly evinced that the prominent DNA cleavage activity of the mixed ligand complexes to divide the supercoiled pUC 19 DNA. The in-vitro antiproliferative activities of the mixed ligand complexes are explored on MCF-7, Hep G2, HBL-100 cell lines using an MTT assay. The morphological changes of the nucleus are explored using Hoechst 33258 staining apoptosis assay. The antioxidant possessions manifest that the mixed ligand complexes have desirable proficiency to scavenge the hydroxyl radical than the ligand. The prediction of in-silico ADMET property revealed that the Schiff base ligand possesses appreciable drug-likeness characters according to Lipinski's regulations. The prediction of PASS biological activity explains that the synthesized ligand holding the excellent biological potential against various diseases. Eventually, the molecular docking studies are achieved to comprehend the nature of binding of the synthesized ligand and mixed ligand complexes with COX-2 protein and DNA.