Synthesis of novel aminoquinolines with potential leishmanicidal and antimalarial biological activity / Síntese de novas aminoquinolinas com potencial actividade biológica leishmanicida e antimalárica

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted by different parasite species of the genus Leishmania, while malaria, by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium sp. These diseases affect tropical and subtropical regions, where about half of the world's population live. However, leishmaniasis and malaria are considered neglected diseases because these regions are poor, and consequently have precarious essential sanitation networks. In response to the lack of vaccines and effective medical measures, some natural and synthetic medicines are used as forms of treatment, such as quinoline derivatives necessary to treat malaria. Even so, the parasites have shown resistance to forms of treatment, which makes needed the constant development of new drugs with potential against them. Quinoline derivatives, chloroquine analogues, have potential activity for the diseases of interest, while anilines are molecules used in nucleophilic reactions on different substrates. Therefore, the work consisted of exploring the synthesis between these two compounds through subsequent reactions involving the formation of intermediates that resulted in the products of interest. Twelve novel derivatives with potential leishmanicidal and antimalarial biological activity were synthesized. The molecules produced were purified and rightly characterized by several methods, such as mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Carbon (13C) and Hydrogen (1H). Also, were obtained the melting points of the synthesized molecules. Finally, all products were sent for biological tests against the parasites, getting highly effective results for the protozoa responsible for leishmaniasis.