Synthesis of NiTi by Low Electrothermal Loss Spark Plasma Sintering

Abstract

Due to their excellent shape memory and superelasticity properties, NiTi compounds are considered among the most important shape memory alloys. The present work presents a synthesis method for obtaining dense NiTi from elemental powders using a modified spark plasma sintering (SPS) setup characterized by considerably higher current density through the sample at the same total current, as well as drastically decreased heat losses. This provides the possibility to maximize the use of the strong effect of current density on enhanced interdiffusion in metal-metal systems reported in the literature. In addition, the heat loss reduction results in significantly lower total power consumption for synthesis compared to the commonly used SPS setups. The new setup is based on a metallic die/plunger set, combined with a graphite heat generating foil and a thermoelectrical insulation layer. The effect of the processing time on the homogenization of NiTi and the evolution of the intermetallic compounds with time is studied and compared to conventional SPS. Blending for 5 minutes and processing for 30 minutes (with neither preheating, nor postheating, nor quench) were enough to get almost pure dense cubic NiTi (ρ = 6.10 gcm−3, dominant NiTi phase ≈ 97 pct). A small fraction of both Ti and NiTi2, but neither Ni nor Ni3Ti, was detected after 20 minutes of processing. Ni4Ti3 was detected but not quantified.