Synthesis of NiO–Al2O3 nanocomposites by sol–gel process and their use as catalyst for the oxidation of styrene

Abstract

NiO–Al2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by sol–gel method. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. XRD results indicate that the NiO–Al2O3 nanocomposites consist of small NiO crystallites (mean size ∼2.6nm). TEM results indicate uniform distribution of NiO nanoparticles in the Al2O3 matrix. Increase in the band gap of NiO in the nanocomposites compared to pure NiO nanoparticles is observed and the nanocomposites show superparamagnetic behaviour. The NiO–Al2O3 nanocomposites show high catalytic activity for the oxidation of styrene using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant and also show higher selectivity for styrene oxide with higher total conversion compared to pure NiO nanoparticles.