Abstract
Air stable nickel nanopowders have been synthesized via the reduction of as-prepared Ni(OH) 2 by hydrazine in water/ethylene glycol solutions under heterogeneous nucleation conditions at70 °C. The resulting product is a powder of black color; yield of product in all cases exceeded 95%. The influence of the water/ethylene glycol ratio on the reaction proceeding and the size and size distribution of obtained nickel nanoparticles have been investigated. Using the method of electron microscopy it was found that the obtained nickel particles are mainly globular. It was established that the mean diameter and polydispersity of the particles practically do not change in the range of ethylene glycol concentrations of 33–89 % by volume and are equal to 140±50 nm and increase drammatically when the concentration of ethylene glycol is reduced by less than 10 % by volume and the obtained particles are agglomerates of irregular shape with an average diameter of 500 nm and high polydispersity. Using the powder diffraction method it was found that the obtained products do not contain nickel oxide or hydroxide. Using Scherrer equation the average crystallites sizes for some nickel samples have been calculated. It was found that the sizes of crystallites of obtained nickel nanopowders increase from 20 to 33 nm with a decreasein the ethylene glycol concentration in the reaction mixture. It was determined that the regulation of the composition of the solvent can be used to obtain nickel nanopowders with predicted sizes and polydispersity of particles. Based on the comparison of the values of the induction period times and the average diameters of the resulting nickel particles, it was found that ethylene glycol is not only a particles stabilizer, but also participates in the topochemical reaction of reduction of nickel hydroxide with hydrazine. Keywords: nickel nanopowders, heterogeneous nucleation, ethylene glycol, hydrazine.
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