Abstract
The synthesis of the nickel-loaded sulfated zirconia catalyst (Ni-SZ) and its application for the hydrocracking process have been carried out. This work has been conducted to determine the activity and selectivity from various Ni concentrations loaded on sulfated zirconia (SZ) in the hydrocracking of used palm cooking oil. The synthesis technique was preceded by sulfation of ZrO2 through incipient wetness impregnation method using H2SO4 solution and then continued with the impregnation of Ni via hydrothermal method employing NiSO4 · 6H2O precursor salt. The hydrocracking process was performed in a fix-bed microreactor at the optimum temperature (350 °C). The SZ loaded with 3 wt% of Ni (Ni-SZ 3) successfully produced the highest liquid product (44.25 wt%) and selectivity on gasoline (100 %). Besides, the gasoline fraction in the liquid product was dominated by unwanted aromatics compounds. The excellent performance of Ni-SZ 3 due to it has high acidity value, specific surface area, and Ni content.
Highlights
Cooking oil is commonly used in food processing, and its production increase along with the population and food processing facilities [1]
2.2.3 Characterization methods The identification of the functional groups in the catalysts was carried out using a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR, Shimadzu FTIR 8201 PC) equipped with the data station in the range of 400–4000 cm−1 with a KBr disc technique
The intense band at 1103 and 1141 cm−1 appears in the nickel-loaded sulfated zirconia catalyst (Ni-sulfated zirconia (SZ)) catalyst
Summary
Cooking oil is commonly used in food processing, and its production increase along with the population and food processing facilities [1]. A large amount of used cooking oil triggers complex problems when not handled carefully [2]. There are several methods to process used cooking oil into biofuels, such as thermal, hydro, and catalytic cracking. Hydrocracking has more moderate operating conditions than thermal cracking and a longer catalyst lifetime than catalytic cracking, so this method is more economically feasible [3]. Hydrocracking is a combination of catalytic cracking and hydrogenation that converts large to smaller compounds [4]. The effectivity of the hydrocracking process is affected by the types and characteristics of the catalysts used [5,6,7]
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