Synthesis of Nanosilver and its Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity

Abstract

Etoposide is unique cytotoxic chemo-therapy drug, which is, categorized as plant alkaloid and topoisomerase II inhibitor. Topoisomerase II is an enzyme, necessary for DNA replication or duplication, chromosome condensation or shortening and chromosome segregation or separation. Topoisomerase II inhibitors are important drugs used in the therapy of several neoplasms. Oral administration of Etoposide shows poor and variable bioavailability which ranges between 25 and 75%. Several attempts are being made by the researchers across the globe to achieve consistent and improvised oral bioavailability of the Etoposide. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively studied and proven metal nanoparticle in health-care industries and are very crucial predominantly due to its unique optical, physicochemical, and biological properties. It is also proven anticancer agent. Combination therapy is a type of treatment that consist two or more therapeutic drugs or agents and considered and proved cornerstone in cancer therapy. The merger or amalgamation of anti-cancer drugs enhances the efficiency of combination therapy as compared to the mono-therapy approach. It is because of target key pathways completed in a characteristically synergistic or an additive manner. In present study, AgNPs were synthesized from lemon seed mucilage. Synthesis was characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential and particle size distribution. Characterization studies revealed the successful synthesis of AgNPs. Studies were also extended for evaluation of cytotoxic effect of synthesized AgNPs against human melanoma cell lines. Comparative study was done to show the effect of combination of AgNPs with pure drug, Etoposide, which, revealed the fact that AgNPs in combination with Etoposide can significantly reduce the dose than that of plain etoposide. However, studies should extend to in vivo confirmations too.