Abstract
The synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite from cuttlefish bone (Sepia sp.) has been done by using High Energy Milling (HEM) and its characterization in vitro as bone repair. This study aimed to determine the effect of the milling process on microscopic properties and mechanical properties of nano-HA through XRD, TEM, and compressive strength tests. The hydroxyapatite (HA) used in this study consisted of 1M CaCO3 from aragonite which was extracted from cuttlefish lamella bone (Sepia sp.) and 0.6 M NH4H2PO4, which was hydrothermally processed at 200°C for 12 h and then sintered at 900°C for 1h. Parameter milling includes the variation of milling time, i.e., 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h at rotational speed of 350 rpm. An increase in milling time causes a decrease in HA particle size. This is shown from the results of TEM at the milling time of 9 h with the smallest size up to 65 nm. The result of cell viability test showed that all samples are not toxic with cell viability value of >80%. The milling time of 9 h was an optimum condition with a compressive strength of 4.35952 MPa that can be applied to cancellous bone.
Highlights
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the largest component (70%) of the total phase of the bone mineral
This research was conducted in two stages: (1) synthesis of HA via hydrothermal method with Ca precursor extracted from cuttlefish bone and (2) milling process by using High Energy Milling (HEM) to produce a nanosized HA powder
The HA, which was synthesized through a hydrothermal process at 200∘C for 12h and sintered at 900∘C for 1h, was characterized with XRD test at short angle of 2θ = 5∘-60∘, which is shown in Figure 1, with the highest intensity peak at 2θ = 31.8807∘ of 1684.54
Summary
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the largest component (70%) of the total phase of the bone mineral. HA contains calcium and phosphorus ratio similar to natural bone which is 1.67. In addition to corrosion resistance, HA is bioactive which means that it can form a linkage between interfaces of the material with body tissue and between two bones. HA is a biocompatible material that does not react with other body parts and can merge with bone. Its function is very diverse; i.e., it can serve as a bone filler, as a porous scaffold, or as a material coating prosthesis [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
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