Synthesis of nanocrystalline Ni 1−xCo xMn xFe 2−xO 4: a material for liquefied petroleum gas sensing

Abstract

Nanocrystalline nickel ferrites doped with cobalt and manganese, having an average crystallite size of 10–15 nm and surface area of 50–60 m 2/g, were synthesized by the hydrazine method and studied for gas sensing behavior to reducing gases like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), Ethanol, CO and CH 4. Powder X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) were employed to characterize the composition, phase and particle size of these ferrites. It is observed that the gas sensitivity largely depends on the composition, crystallite size/surface area and the test gases to be detected. Incorporation of 1 wt.% Pd improved the sensitivity, selectivity, response time and reduced the operating temperature of the sensor for LPG. The response time for 1000 ppm LPG is less than 1 min at 180 °C. A mechanism supported by the LPG interaction with the ferrite has been proposed on the basis of FT-IR studies.