Abstract
The sol-gel technique has many advantages over the other mechanism for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles such as being simple, cheap and having low temperature and pressure. Utilization of waste materials as a precursor for synthesis makes the whole process cheaper, green and sustainable. Calcium Oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized from eggshell through the sol-gel method. Raw eggshell was dissolved by HCl to form CaCl2 solution, adding NaOH to the solution dropwise to agitate Ca (OH)2 gel and finally drying the gel at 900 °C for 1 h. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR and XRD results have clearly depicted the synthesis of calcium oxide from eggshell, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. The FE-SEM images of calcium oxide nanoparticles showed that the particles were almost spherical in morphology. The particle size of the nanoparticles was in the range 50 nm–198 nm. Therefore, waste eggshell can be considered as a promising resource of calcium for application of versatile fields.
Highlights
Ever increasing solid waste is becoming a challenge for a sustainable world
The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results have clearly depicted the synthesis of calcium oxide from eggshell, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of raw eggshell and Ca(OH)2 gel are illustrated in Figure 1a,b respectively
Summary
Ever increasing solid waste is becoming a challenge for a sustainable world. Improper management of those wastes leads to public health and environment related problems [1]. Food wastes are the major solid wastes causing problems in the environment. The main component is pure calcium carbonate with little porosity [3] This waste can be transformed into valuable products. The common trend to manage waste eggshell is land filling which causes problems for the environment. Landfilling such food wastes cause unpleasant odors during biodegradation and the attached membranes attract worms and insects. Utilization of eggshells can provide benefits, regarding environmental concerns and for freeing up landfill sites
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