Abstract
In the current study, an oak as a non-expensive, renewable, and a biomass resource was used to generate a nano-porous activated carbon applicable in methylene blue adsorption from wastewater and energy storage equipment. Furnace activation in the temperature range of 450, 550, 650 and 750 °C was used for activated carbon synthesis after infusion with potassium hydroxide. The synthesized activated carbon was characterized using different techniques including nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that temperature has significant effect on activated carbon efficiency. Specific surface and pore volumes increased with the enhancement of temperature until 650 °C, but then it was decreased. Pores volume was consisting of mesoporous and microporous structure. The highest surface area (2896 m2/g) and pores volume (1.554 cm3/g) was obtained for the sample prepared at 650 °C. Freundlich isotherm model is appropriate for methylene blue adsorption isotherm by the synthesized activated carbon. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB was obtained as 24 mg/g. Moreover, the synthesized activated carbon exhibited the highest specific capacitance when it was used as electrode (551 F/g at current density of 1 A/g) in 1 M sulphuric acid electrolyte and 96% specific capacitance was remained after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 10 A/g.
Highlights
The use of activated carbon (AC) was firstly recorded for the reduction of different metals including zinc, copper and tin ores to build bronze (Derbyshire et al, 1995)
Welldeveloped microporous and mesoporous structures and huge internal surface areas are the main characterisation of activated carbon (Rodrıguez Reinoso, 1997)
The results indicated that as the temperature is increased, the micro pore volume and specific surface increases, reaching a maximum at 650 °C
Summary
The use of activated carbon (AC) was firstly recorded for the reduction of different metals including zinc, copper and tin ores to build bronze (Derbyshire et al, 1995). Welldeveloped microporous and mesoporous structures and huge internal surface areas are the main characterisation of activated carbon (Rodrıguez Reinoso, 1997). Many various carbonaceous sources materials such as biomass materials can be used for activated carbon preparation. The most popular method for AC preparation is activation processes at high temperature. Selection of source and operating parameters such as activation time and temperature, and activation agent type could have substantial influence on the physical properties and performance of synthesized activated carbon (Guzel and Uzun, 2002). Surface area and porosity specification of synthesized AC are measured to find optimal source and operating conditions (Yue et al, 2008). Its application is examined in various processes consisting of gas separation (Khabazipour and Anbia, 2019; Ogungbenro et al, 2020), using as catalysts (Akbayrak et al, 2020), pollutants removal and wastewater treatment (Malhotra et al, 2018), electronic devices (Yumak et al, 2019) and fuel additive synthesis (Dizoglu and Sert, 2020)
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