SYNTHESIS OF MORPHOLINE-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS FOR EXTRACTIVE DESULFURIZATION OF DIESEL FUEL

Renilma S P Fonseca,Fernando C Silva,Inocêncio S Dos S Neto,Caritas De J S Mendonça,Francisco S M Sinfrônio

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180107

Renilma S P Fonseca, Fernando C Silva + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180107

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Abstract

Abstract Extractive desulfurization with ionic liquids has attracted significant attention from a growing number of scientists due to the current environmental restrictions on fuel. Protic ionic liquids (PILs) were synthesized via equimolar neutralization of morpholine and formic-based compounds. The obtained PILs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy and used as a promoter for the room temperature deep desulfurization of model oil and commercial B0S500 diesel. Extractive desulfurization of the model oil in n-octane showed that the alkyl chain length of the ionic liquid [Nmorph]+[HCOO]- does not enhance the efficiency of dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal. Regardless, the [Morph]+[HCOO]- IL is the most promising candidate for extractive desulfurization. The best results were obtained using multistage extraction (n = 3) and a 1:1 volume ratio, resulting in a 99.44% removal rate of sulfur compounds. For commercial B0S500 diesel, extraction time significantly influenced the removal of sulfur species. For samples with multistage extraction and a 1:1 volume ratio, [Morph]+[HCOO]- removed approximately 47.48% of the sulfur-containing compounds. The recycling study of [Morph]+[HCOO]- suggests that the IL remains active for up to three operating cycles without losing efficiency.

Highlights

Implemented global environmental policies have caused a gradual reduction of harmful gas emissions, including COx, NOx, and SOx, generated by burning fossil fuel
This study aims to synthesize and characterize Protic ionic liquids (PILs) containing the morpholine cation and to evaluate their efficiency for extractive desulphurization of model oil and commercial B0S500 diesel
The structures of the [Morph]+[HCOO]- and [Nmorph]+[HCOO]- Ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Figure 3)

Summary

Introduction

Implemented global environmental policies have caused a gradual reduction of harmful gas emissions, including COx, NOx, and SOx, generated by burning fossil fuel. It is important to consider the utility of several toxic sulfurbased fuel compounds that contribute to the lubricity of many commercial liquid fuels (Hazrat et al, 2015; Lapuerta et al, 2016) In this context, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) processes are conventional industrial procedures for removing organosulfurized contaminants from fossil fuels by converting sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrocarbon derivatives (Yu et al, 2016). It is highly selective for the removal of thiols (mercaptans), sulfides, and disulfides, it has limited extraction efficiency for heterocyclic sulfur and refractory compounds such as thiophene (TF), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and other derivatives (Li et al, 2015; Bui et al, 2017; Moghadam et al, 2017)

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