Synthesis of Monolithic Al2O3 with Well-Defined Macropores and Mesostructured Skeletons via the Sol−Gel Process Accompanied by Phase Separation

Abstract

Alumina (Al2O3) monoliths with well-defined macropores and mesostructured skeletons have been synthesized via a spontaneous route from the aqueous and ethanolic solution of aluminum salts in the presence of propylene oxide and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The addition of propylene oxide to the starting solution controls the gelation, whereas the addition of PEO induces the phase separation. Appropriate choice of the starting composition, by which the phase separation and gelation concur, allows the production of bicontinuous macroporous Al2O3 monoliths in large dimensions (10 × 10 × 10 mm3). The size of macropores is controlled in the range of 400 nm to 1.8 μm, depending on the PEO content in starting solutions. The dried gel is amorphous, whereas heating at temperatures above 800 °C leads to the formation of crystalline phases without spoiling the macroporous morphology; nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 is precipitated at 800 °C, α-Al2O3 starts to form at 1000 °C, and complete transformation into α-Αl2O3 is achiev...