Synthesis of microsphere silicon carbide/nanoneedle manganese oxide composites and their electrochemical properties as supercapacitors

Abstract

Synthesis of microsphere silicon carbide/nanoneedle MnO2 (SiC/N–MnO2) composites for use as high-performance materials in supercapacitors is reported herein. The synthesis procedure involves the initial treatment of silicon carbide (SiC) with hydrogen peroxide to obtain oxygen-containing functional groups to provide anchoring sites for connection of SiC and the MnO2 nanoneedles (N–MnO2). MnO2 nanoneedles are subsequently formed on the SiC surface. The morphology and microstructure of the as-prepared composites are characterized via X-ray diffractometry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterizations indicate that MnO2 nanoneedles are homogeneously formed on the SiC surface in the composite. The capacitive properties of the as-prepared SiC/N–MnO2 electrodes are evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a three-electrode experimental setup using a 1-M Na2SO4 aqueous solution as the electrolyte. The SiC/N–MnO2(5) electrode, for which the MnO2/SiC feed ratio is 5:1, displays a specific capacitance as high as 273.2 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1.