Synthesis of MgO nanomaterials using ultrasonic electrodeposition and their adsorption performance for Pb(II)

Abstract

This study reports the successful synthesis of MgO nanomaterials while employing ultrasonic electrodeposition and heat treatment procedures. The capability and mechanism of these materials for removing Pb (II) from industrial soil were then investigated under ultrasonic powers of 100 W, 150 W, and 200 W. The surface morphology and phase composition of the nanomaterials were analyzed through SEM and XRD. The MgO nanomaterials prepared at 150 W displayed a high adsorption capacity for Pb (II), reaching up to 68.9 mg g−1, under conditions of pH 4.5, temperature 30 °C, Pb (II) concentration of 50 mg/L, and an optimal reaction time of 20 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of MgO nanomaterials prepared at 150 W ultrasonic power was observed to be 43.7 mg g−1 under the condition of 30 °C, Pb (Ⅱ) concentration of 50 mg/L, the optimal deposition time of 20 min, and pH 7. Analysis of the Pb (II) adsorption process on the surface of MgO nanomaterials was carried out using the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models. The results revealed that Pb (II) adsorption on MgO nanomaterials exhibited distinct monolayer and chemical adsorption properties. Moreover, the Pb (II) adsorption capacity on MgO nanomaterials was found to be significantly influenced by temperature. The highest adsorption amount of Pb (II) by MgO nanomaterials was observed at a temperature of 30 °C. Further, the Langmuir model revealed the adsorption properties of MgO for Pb (II), with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.99. Therefore, the results confirm that ultrasonic power affects the adsorption performance of MgO nanomaterials prepared by ultrasonic electrodeposition, with the adsorption performance of MgO nanomaterials prepared at 150 W being the best.