Abstract
Natural raw wood consists of cellulose and lignin, which have become more important in industrial and biological applications especially in sorption studies. In this study, cellulose and lignin were chemically modified by carbon nanotube (CNT) under different reaction conditions using CNT-COCl in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The structure of modified cellulose and lignin was confirmed using SEM, XRD, TEM, DLS, XPS, and TGA. Further, the material can be immobilized with iron oxide, which renders easier separation. The hydrophobicity of the modified material increased after modification with water contact angles in the range of 130‒135°. In addition, the modified materials absorbed oils and organic solvents, but only a very little water, due to the hydrophobicity of the modified material. Sorption capacity of CNT-g-Cellulose/Fe3O4 and CNT-g-Lignin/Fe3O4 are calculated as 15–25 and 10–23 g/g, respectively, for various oil/organic solvents depending on the density of the liquid. The sorption capacity of both cellulose and lignin-based composite were compared in a series of oils/solvents, including silicone oil, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, trichloroethylene, chlorobenzene, chloroform, dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, octadecane, and hexane gravimetrically, which can be monitored by contact angle measurement.
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