Abstract
A novel macrocyclic phosphate, dotriacontan-1,32-diylphosphate (C32P), has been synthesized; its bilayer and monolayer properties have been investigated and compared with those of the nearly isomeric double-chain phosphate (2C16P). Examination by infrared spectroscopy, based on the temperature-dependent shift of a νCH stretching vibration band, suggested that, below Tc, the n-alkyl chain of C32P was mostly all trans, except for a few gauche conformers, which ensures a compact structure with a hairpin-like bend at the center of the chain. On the contrary, in the liquid crystal state, the n-alkyl chain of C32P retained more trans conformers (less gauche conformers) than that of 2C16P. These features led, for the phase transition of C32P, to a lower enthalpy change and a lower entropy change. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements using diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and 1-[4-(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5-triene (TMA-DPH), indicated that the macrocylization lowered the membrane mobility in the liquid crystal state. In a monolayer of C32P on an air/water interface, the bend in the hydrocarbon chain did not impair a close-packed assembly, with a lower apparent molecular volume in the compressed monolayer, and probably also in the bilayer. Synthèse de phosphates macrocycliques comme modèles de lipides membranaires arche′obacte′riens. Etudes de mono- et de bicouches.Nous avons synthe′tise′ un phosphate macrocyclique, le phosphate de dotriaconta-1,32-diyl (C32P), et compare′ les proprie′te′s de ses mono- et bi-couches avec celles du phosphate de dihexade′cyle à deux chaînes (2C16P). En infra-rouge, la variation avec la tempe′rature de la vibration d'e′longation νCH suggère que, au-dessous de Tc, la chaîne alkyle de C32P est tout trans, mis à part un petit nombre de conformères gauches, ce qui assure une structure compacte avec un pli en e′pingle à cheveux au milieu de la chaîne. Dans l'e′tat cristal liquide, la chaîne n-alkyle de C32P comporte davantage de conformères trans (donc moins de conformations gauche) que celle de 2C16P. Ceci conduit pour la transition de phase de C32P à un plus faible changement d'enthalpie et à un plus faible changement d'entropie. Les mesures d'anisotropie de fluorescence, avec le diphe′nylhexatriène (DPH) et le 1-[4-(trime′thylamino)phe′nyl]-6-phe′nylhexa-1,3,5-triène (TMA-DPH), montrent que la macrocyclisation diminue la mobilite′ membanaire au-dessus de Tc. Dans les monocouches de C32P à l'interface eau/air, le cyclisation n'empèche pas un assemblage compact, avec un volume mole′culaire apparent plus faible dans la monocouche comprime′e; il en est probablement de même dans les bi-couches.
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