Synthesis of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Hydrotalcite-Like Materials Intercalated with Duplex Herbicides: The Characterization and Simultaneous Release Properties.

Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali,Farah Liyana Bohari,Is Fatimah

doi:10.3390/molecules26165086

Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali, Farah Liyana Bohari + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165086

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Abstract

In this study, a controlled-release formulation of duplex herbicides, namely, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxybutyric acid (TBA) and 3,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (3,4D), was simultaneously embedded into Zn-Al-layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The resulting nanohybrid Zinc-Aluminium-3,4D-TBA (ZADTX) was composed of a well-ordered crystalline layered structure with increasing basal spacing from 8.9 Å to 20.0 Å in the Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) with 3,4D and TBA anions located in the gallery of LDHs with bilayer arrangement. The release of 3,4D and TBA fit the pseudo-second-order model. This duplex nanohybrid possessed a well-controlled release property (53.4% release from TBA and 27.8% release from 3,4D), which was highly effective, requiring the use of a small quantity and, hence, environmentally safer.

Highlights

The layered double hydroxide (LDH) as hosts for agrochemicals, pesticides, and herbicides has long been used to reduce the number of active chemicals used in agriculture [1]
Compared to the 2θ of 9.8◦ for LDH, ZADTX showed sharp and symmetric peaks at a lower 2θ angle of 4.6◦ (Figure 1d), indicating that the hydroxide layers were further expanded upon the intercalation of bulky anionic molecules [15]
Was synthesised by the ion-exchange method. Both guest herbicides were both intercalated into the LDH, providing well-ordered monophasic nanohybrid content

Summary

Introduction

The layered double hydroxide (LDH) as hosts for agrochemicals, pesticides, and herbicides has long been used to reduce the number of active chemicals used in agriculture [1]. The LDH is formed when some of the divalent cations are replaced by trivalent cations, resulting in excess of positive charges that are balanced by the intercalated an3+ x+ n−. −x Mx (OH)2 ] (A )x/ n.yH2 O, in which M2+ and M3+ are divalent and trivalent metallic cations, whereas A is a hydrated counter ion with charge n− [2,3]. The interlayer area of lamellar host LDHs functions as a microvessel to store active molecules, such as drugs [7], herbicides [8], pesticides [9], and plant growth regulators [10] for forming organic-inorganic nanohybrids with controlled-release property. Agrochemical herbicides such as 3,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid(3,4D) and

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Conclusion