Abstract
The sol-gel method is a simple and facile wet chemical process for fabricating advanced materials with high homogeneity, high purity, and excellent chemical reactivity at a relatively low temperature. By adjusting the processing parameters, the sol-gel technique can be used to prepare hollow sphere and 1D structural materials that exhibit a wide application in the fields of catalyst, drug or gene carriers, photoactive, sensors and Li-ion batteries. This feature article reviewed the development of the preparation of hollow sphere and 1D structural materials using the sol-gel method. The effects of calcination temperature, soaking time, pH value, surfactant, etc., on the preparation of hollow sphere and 1D structural materials were summarized, and their formation mechanisms were generalized. Finally, possible future research directions of the sol-gel technique were outlined.
Highlights
The sol-gel method has attracted much attention as it can be used to fabricate high purity products with a fine particle size and good chemical homogeneity at low temperatures
According to the work that has fabricated at relatively low temperatures and short duration times by using the sol-gel technique been reported, it can be seen that both oxide and non-oxide hollow sphere materials can be fabricated at based on template method
As a facile synthesis method, the sol-gel method exhibits some outstanding advantages for fabricating hollow sphere and 1D structural materials such as low reaction temperature, short fabricating hollow sphere and 1D structural materials such as low reaction temperature, short soaking soaking time, fine particle size, high purity products, and good chemical homogeneity
Summary
The sol-gel method has attracted much attention as it can be used to fabricate high purity products with a fine particle size and good chemical homogeneity at low temperatures. Zhang et al [36] outlined the sol-gel process synthesis of high-temperature non-oxide ultrafine powders including nitride, carbide and boride. This demonstrated that the sol-gel process offered many advantages in the preparation of powders, such as lower formation temperatures, shorter soaking times, and the ability to synthesize submicron and nano-crystalline ultrafine powders. The corresponding electronic ceramics prepared by the as-prepared nanopowders could be sintered at a lower temperature, and showed good temperature stability and high electrical properties This indicated that the process suffered several drawbacks including the requirement of expensive precursors and additives, and it was difficult to control the structure of the targeted powders. Probable improvements and future outlooks of the sol-gel method are outlined
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