Abstract
In this manuscript, hollow flower-like ferric oxide/manganese dioxide/trimanganese tetraoxide (Fe3O4/MnO2/Mn3O4) magnetically separable microspheres were prepared by combining a simple hydrothermal method and reduction method. As the MnO2 nanoflower working as precursor was partially reduced, Mn3O4 nanoparticles were in situ grown from the MnO2 nanosheet. The composite microspheres were characterized in detail by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis). Under visible light conditions, the test for degrading rhodamine B (RhB) was used to verify the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. The results showed that the efficiency of the Fe3O4/MnO2/Mn3O4 photocatalyst in visible light for 130 min is 94.5%. The catalytic activity of photocatalyst far exceeded that of the Fe3O4/MnO2 component, and after four cycles, the catalytic performance of the catalyst remained at 78.4%. The superior properties of the photocatalyst came from improved surface area, enhanced light absorption, and efficient charge separation of the MnO2/Mn3O4 heterostructure. This study constructed a green and efficient valence heterostructure composite that created a promising photocatalyst for degrading organic contaminants in aqueous environments.
Highlights
In recent years, dye wastewater has attracted much attention owing to its high toxicity, strong mutagenicity, and strong carcinogenicity [1,2,3,4]
The morphologies of hollow Fe3 O4 microspheres, hollow flower-like Fe3 O4 /MnO2 microspheres, and hollow flower-like Fe3 O4 /MnO2 /Mn3 O4 photocatalyst were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Monodisperse hollow Fe3 O4 microspheres were obtained, where after grading MnO2 nanosheets was grown around the Fe3 O4 microspheres in a simple hydrothermal system, and Mn3 O4 nanoparticles were in situ fabricated on the MnO2
Summary
Dye wastewater has attracted much attention owing to its high toxicity, strong mutagenicity, and strong carcinogenicity [1,2,3,4]. Methods for removing dyes from wastewater have been developed, including adsorption, coacervation, membrane separation, chemical catalytic oxidation, and more [5,6,7,8] Among these methods, semiconductor-based photocatalytic technology has been widely used due to its mild reaction conditions, strong oxidizing ability, complete degradation, lack of secondary pollution, and direct use of sunlight. Semiconductor-based photocatalytic technology has been widely used due to its mild reaction conditions, strong oxidizing ability, complete degradation, lack of secondary pollution, and direct use of sunlight For this method, semiconductor photocatalysts are considered to be key materials for the degradation of organic dyes owing to their low cost, cleanliness, and sustainable use. The development of new, high-efficiency and visible-light-responsive photocatalytic materials has become a research hotspot in the field of photocatalysis [9,10,11,12,13,14].
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