Abstract
A free-standing, totally flexible and light-weight manganese dioxide/carbon fiber cloth electrode has been simply and cost-effectively fabricated by direct reduction of permanganate. The nano-scaled MnO2 film, being in physical contact with the carbon fiber substrate, provides an enhancement of the kinetics and mechanical flexibility. The electrochemical stability is improved due to the efficient release of bending stress by inter-cluster gap adjustment of nano-scaled MnO2 film and adsorption of carbon fibers. The maximum capacitance loss is only of 0.05% during operating shape change. By short transport/diffusion path lengths and large specific surface areas, the nano-scaled MnO2 film presents superior rate capability. The specific capacitance still retains about 53% when the scan rate increases as much as 50 times.
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