Abstract
For the first time, renewable high density aviation fuels were synthesized at high overall yield (95.6%) by the Guerbet reaction of cyclopentanol which can be derived from lignocellulose, followed by the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The solvent-free Guerbet reaction of cyclopentanol was carried out under the co-catalysis of solid bases and Raney metals. Among the investigated catalyst systems, the combinations of magnesium-aluminium hydrotalcite (MgAl-HT) and Raney Ni (or Raney Co) exhibited the best performances. Over them, high carbon yield (96.7%) of C10 and C15 oxygenates was achieved. The Guerbet reaction products were further hydrodeoxygenated to bi(cyclopentane) and tri(cyclopentane) over a series of Ni catalysts. These alkanes have high densities (0.86 g mL−1 and 0.91 g mL−1) and can be used as high density aviation fuels or additives to bio-jet fuel. Among the investigated HDO catalysts, the 35 wt.% Ni-SiO2-DP prepared by deposition-precipitation method exhibited the highest activity.
Highlights
Renewable high density aviation fuels were synthesized at high overall yield (95.6%) by the Guerbet reaction of cyclopentanol which can be derived from lignocellulose, followed by the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO)
Most of the reported lignocellulosic bio-jet fuels are primarily composed of linear or branched chain alkanes. These alkanes have good thermal stability and excellent combustion efficiency. Their densities (,0.76 g mL21) and volumetric heating values are lower than those of conventional jet fuels, because the latter is a mixture of chain alkanes and cyclic hydrocarbons
A mixture of bi(cyclopentane) and tri(cyclopentane) with high densities (0.86 g mL21 and 0.91 g mL21) was first prepared at high overall carbon yield (95.6%) by the Guerbet reaction of cyclopentanol, followed by the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) over the SiO2 loaded Ni catalysts under solvent free conditions
Summary
Renewable high density aviation fuels were synthesized at high overall yield (95.6%) by the Guerbet reaction of cyclopentanol which can be derived from lignocellulose, followed by the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The Guerbet reaction products were further hydrodeoxygenated to bi(cyclopentane) and tri(cyclopentane) over a series of Ni catalysts These alkanes have high densities (0.86 g mL21 and 0.91 g mL21) and can be used as high density aviation fuels or additives to bio-jet fuel. A mixture of bi(cyclopentane) and tri(cyclopentane) with high densities (0.86 g mL21 and 0.91 g mL21) was first prepared at high overall carbon yield (95.6%) by the Guerbet reaction of cyclopentanol, followed by the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) over the SiO2 loaded Ni catalysts under solvent free conditions
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