Abstract
Industries consume large quantities of energy and water in their processes which are often considered to be peripheral to the process operation. Energy is used to heat or cool water for process use; additionally, water is frequently used in production support or utility networks as steam or cooling water. This enunciates the interconnectedness of water and energy and illustrates the necessity of their simultaneous treatment to improve energy and resource efficiency in industrial processes. Since the seminal work of Savulescu and Smith in 1998 introducing a graphical approach, many authors have contributed to this field by proposing graphically- or optimization-based methodologies. The latter encourages development of mathematical superstructures encompassing all possible interconnections. While a large body of research has focused on improving the superstructure development, solution strategies to tackle such optimization problems have also received significant attention. The goal of the current article is to study the proposed methodologies with special focus on mathematical approaches, their key features and solution strategies. Following the convention of Jeżowski, solution strategies are categorized into: decomposition, sequential, simultaneous, meta-heuristics and a more novel strategy of relaxation/transformation. A detailed, feature-based review of all the main contributions has also been provided in two tables. Several gaps have been highlighted as future research directions.
Highlights
This paper addresses heat-integrated water allocation networks
An mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model was solved with relaxed/linear total annualized cost (TAC) in the second step followed by optimization of the original MINLP in the third step
Heat-integrated water allocation network synthesis problems have been treated as a separate research field over the past decades; they should be regarded as a special case in the field research related to the water–energy nexus which, in turn, is part of a broader water–energy–food nexus
Summary
This paper addresses heat-integrated water allocation networks. Due to the similarities between water and other mass streams [1] such as hydrogen networks [2], property-based networks [3], and more generally resource conservation networks, the terminology used in this paper is based on heat-integrated mass allocation network (HIMAN). The aforementioned review papers span over 20 years of research and development; some early research directions/gaps that were highlighted could/should have already been addressed Most of these gaps (Table 1) are addressed for mass allocation networks, they can be extended to HIMANs. The remainder of this article focuses on major features of HIMAN methodologies which are reviewed with special focus on mathematical approaches proposed after 2015. Seminal work by Wang and Smith [20], and several prominent works covering water allocation network synthesis problem for batch processes [21,22,23,24,25,26,27] (not extensively addressed in the literature of HIMANs). Classification and Analysis of Key Features of Heat-Integrated Water Allocation Networks
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