Synthesis of groundnut shell nanoparticles: characterization and particle size determination

Abstract

The characterization of groundnut shell nanoparticles(GSAnp) synthesis by high-energy nanoparticles was investigated. The ball milling was done with Retsch Planetary Ball Mill PM 400 machine. The ball milling time varied from 2 to 12 h. The characterization was done by transmission electron microscope(TEM), Micromeritics surface area analyzer, PANalytical X-PERT PRO diffractometer, nanoparticle size analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The average particle size obtained using TEM is 500, 500, 200, 100, 20 nm, and 2 μm at ball milling time of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h, respectively. The optimal ball milling time to obtained GSAnp was 10 h. Higher balling time above 10 h led to agglomeration and clusters of the fine particles. It can be concluded that with the high-energy intensity ball milling, it is possible to obtain groundnut nanoparticles of around 20 nm at shorten time of 10 h.