Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional material of sp2 hybridization carbon atoms, has fascinated much attention in recent years owing to its extraordinary electronic, optical, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties as well as large specific surface area. For the tremendous application of graphene in nano-electronics, it is essential to fabricate high-quality graphene in large production. There are different methods of generating graphene. This review summarizes the exfoliation of graphene by mechanical, chemical and thermal reduction and chemical vapor deposition and mentions their advantages and disadvantages. This article also indicates recent advances in controllable synthesis of graphene, illuminates the problems, and prospects the future development in this field.
Highlights
Carbon is a ubiquitous material that has been ever found whereas the epoch making material graphene is an allotropy of carbon
This review summarizes the exfoliation of graphene by mechanical, chemical and thermal reduction and chemical vapor deposition and mentions their advantages and disadvantages
Its applicability cannot be effectively realized unless superficial techniques to synthesize high-quality, large-area graphene are developed in a cost effective way
Summary
Carbon is a ubiquitous material that has been ever found whereas the epoch making material graphene is an allotropy of carbon. In 1975, few-layer graphite was synthesized on a single crystal platinum surface via chemical decomposition methods, but was not designated as graphene due to a lack of characterization techniques or perhaps due to its limited possible applications [26]. In those periods, their electronic properties never were investigated because of the difficulty in isolating and transferring them onto insulating substrates. Mechanical exfoliation is may be the rarest and eminent process for extracting single layer graphene flakes on preferred substrates It is the first recognized method of graphene synthesis. Graphene sheets of different thickness can be obtained through mechanical exfoliation or by peeling off layers from graphitic materials such as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), single-crystal graphite, or
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